Clinical cases prove that child nephrotic syndrome (NS) has a long disease
course and it can attack easily. It belongs to a Chronic Kidney Disease.
Patients are usually 3-6 years old and one obvious phenomenon is that boys are
more than girls. This disease can be caused by many pathological agents and its
apparent symptoms revolve general edema, extensive proteinuria, hypoproteinemia
and hypercholesterolemia.
This disease can trigger many complications as below, and it is helpful for
patients to realize them and take proper prevention.
Infection is readily to happen because a great amount of immune globulin was
discharged with urine. The decrease of plasma protein can affect the formation
of antibody. Meanwhile, the application of adrenocortical hormone and
nephrotoxic medicine can decrease general immunity so that the infection are
readily to emerge. And the common infections include skin infection, primary
peritonitis, respiratory tract infection, urinary infection and even
septicaemia
Coronary disease is also prevalent among them, because patients with
nephritic syndrome usually suffer from hyperlipemia and their blood keeps in a
coagulation status. It is reported that the incidence of myocardial infarction
in NS patients are 8 times higher than normal person. Coronary disease has been
the third reason which cause death of NS patients.
NS patients usually have thrombus. Many factors can thrombose, for instantce,
edema, less activitity, stasis in veins, hyperlipidemia. In addition, contracted
blood can increase its viscosity and rev up the content of fibrinogen. The
application of adrenalcortic hormone can also cause coagulation of blood.
Patients usually present acute renal failure. This is due to proteinuria,
hypoproteinemia, hyperlipemia. Patients are usually in a state of low blood
volume and high coagulation. Long term vomiting, diarrhea and using hypotensor
and diuretic can decrease blood perfusion in kidney, which can further decline
GFR and cause acute renal failure. Besides, protein contracted can become
cylinder which can block kidney tubule and this can also incur acute renal
failure.
The last symptom for NS patients is metabolic disorder of water and
electrolyte. Making use of diuretic frequently and long time improper salt
prohibition can cause secondary hyponatremia. Moreover, the application of
adrenal cortical hormone and massive diuretic can make patients urinate largely.
In this case, patients need to supplement potassium, or else hypokalemia will
occur in patients.
