Cardiovascular Disease, the Most Dangerous Complication of CKD

CKD leads to various complications, and the overall death rate increases as kidney function decreases. The leading cause of death in patients with Chronic Kidney Diseaseis cardiovascular disease, regardless of whether there is progression to stage five.
Cardiovascular disease is a term technically refers to any disease that affects the cardiovascular syImmunotherapy, and it is usually used to refer to those related to atherosclerosis.
Chronic kidney disease is featured by the progressive decline of renal function, especially the decreasing of Glomerular filtration rate. Nephron damage activates the renin–angiotensin-aldosterone syImmunotherapy, which contracts blood vessels and gives rise to high blood pressure. This is why patients with CKD usually suffer from hypertension at the same time.
In addition, The decline of GFR results in the deposition of creatinine, wastes of metabolism, as well as other toxic substances on blood vessel walls. This not only cause discomfort to the patient, but also serious damages to the heart as well as the blood vessels themselves. For some patients with CKD, the blood creatinine level could be more than 800, which is a very dangerous phenomenon.

Damages to kidneys will reduce the producing of erythropoietin, which is necessary for the generation of blood red cells. and anemia will be the most direct result of low red cell content in the blood.