1. Genetic background
Not all the diabetics develop diabetic nephropathy, but gene plays a role in triggering diabetic nephropathy. With genetic background, the patients have a better chance of developing diabetic nephropathy than the patients who do not, but they are not destined to develop this disease. In most cases, unhealthy lifestyles, unhealthy mental state and poor blood sugar control are the major risk factors that cause diabetic nephropathy.
2. high blood sugar-the major culprit of kidney damage
In order to prevent the complications of Diabetes, high blood sugar should be controlled in the first place. Researches have shown that vigorous control of blood sugar can reduce the chances greatly of developing diabetes complications, including diabetic nephropathy.
Ongoing high blood sugar would lead to the hardening of glomeruli, pathological changes in both renal arteriole and the filtration membrane of the glomerular cappilaries. What’s more, rising blood sugar would result in functional disorder of endo-cappilary cells, inflammatory state all over the body and the release of various adverse factors, which are responsible for high blood pressure(High Blood Pressure and Kidney Disease) and atherosclerosis.
3. high blood pressure
Diabetics tend to develop high blood pressure, which is not only likely to cause cardiovascular events, but also damage to kidney units, resulting in renal insufficiency. Sharply-elevating blood pressure would deteriorate kidney function in a short span of time.
4. abnormal lipid level
Blood lipid is closely associated with declining insulin sensitivity and atherosclerosis. Diabetics often have rising cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL(low-density lipoprotein) and dipping HDL(high-density lipoprotein). These factors can appear alone or together.
Abnormal lipid level can boost the chances of developing high blood pressure, atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events. In some serious cases, death could happen. What’s more, severe renal artery atherosclerosis would cause insufficient supply of blood in kidneys, triggering ischemic nephropathy.
5. Unhealthy lifestyles
Diabetics should stay away from the unhealthy lifestyles, such as smoking and drinking alcohol, as much as they can to avoid the complications.
Tobacco is off limits for diabetics especially. Nicotine can stimulate the secretion of adrenaline, then excite the sympathetic nerve to elevate the blood sugar, which could cause tachycardia, rising blood pressure and fluctuant blood sugar. In addiction, smoking can cause the blood vessels to contract, causing thrombus which can block the blood vessels.
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